In trespass to land, which of the following fulfills the requirement of physical invasion?

In the context of trespass to land, physical invasion is a critical element that can be fulfilled through various means. The correct answer, which identifies that throwing an object onto the land suffices, aligns with the established legal principles surrounding this tort.

Trespass does not solely require a person to be physically present on the property. The law recognizes that any unauthorized physical entry, including the act of throwing an object onto someone else's land, constitutes a trespass. This is true even if the object itself is unoccupied or if the act does not involve direct physical contact by the trespasser. Consequently, individuals can be liable for their actions if they unilaterally introduce an object onto another's property without permission, meeting the requirement for physical invasion.

This understanding extends to scenarios in which damage is not necessarily caused; mere physical invasion is enough to establish liability in trespass. Thus, the action of throwing a physical object onto the land is sufficient to fulfill the requirement of physical invasion in trespass to land claims.

Other options focus on different interpretations of physical invasion, which do not encompass the full breadth of actions that can amount to trespass. For example, simply causing damage or failing to leave does not equate to the physical act required in