What is required for the use of non-deadly force in self-defense?

In the context of self-defense, the requirement that the force used must be proportionate to the threat is vital. This means that the degree of force applied in self-defense should not exceed what is necessary to counter a threat of harm. When assessing whether the force is proportionate, the circumstances surrounding the threat are critical, including the nature, immediacy, and severity of the threat perceived by the person defending themselves.

If a person perceives a threat that is minimal or does not warrant serious harm, then using a significant amount of force would likely be deemed excessive and unjustified. Proportionality ensures that the response is reasonable and appropriate to the level of danger faced, upholding the principle of preventing unnecessary escalation during confrontations.

The other options, while they reflect elements that may be relevant in broader self-defense discussions, do not establish the fundamental requirement of proportionality, which is key in determining the legality of non-deadly force in self-defense scenarios. For instance, retreating may not be necessary if a person is confronted with an immediate threat, and warning the plaintiff might not be feasible or reasonable under sudden circumstances.