Which of the following is an example of "parasitic" damages?

An example of "parasitic" damages refers to damages that arise as a secondary effect of another injury, typically associated with physical injuries. In this context, emotional distress resulting from a physical injury is classified as parasitic damages because it is dependent on the existence of that primary injury. Emotional distress does not exist in a vacuum; rather, it is inherently linked to the physical harm experienced.

This concept underscores the idea that the emotional pain is a direct result of the physical suffering, and thus, it does not stand alone in a tort claim. The law recognizes emotional distress in this capacity as an additional layer of damages stemming from the initial injury, which is why it is termed "parasitic."

In contrast, the other options present different forms of damages. Lost property value and future medical expenses represent direct economic impacts or costs incurred independently of any emotional suffering. Direct economic loss without physical damage signifies a financial harm that does not stem from a personal injury, but rather from other factors. None of these options embody the relationship between emotional distress and a primary physical injury, which is central to understanding parasitic damages.